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night bomber
A night bomber is a bomber aircraft intended specifically for carrying out bombing missions at night. The term is now mostly of historical significance. Night bombing began in World War I and was widespread during World War II. A number of modern aircraft types are designed primarily for nighttime bombing, but air forces no longer refer to them as night bombers. More common terms today include interdictor and strike fighter, and such aircraft tend to have all-weather, day-or-night capabilities.
==World War I==
Strategic bombing and night bombing were new in World War I, and there was much experimentation at night with aircraft such as the Gotha G.IV, Gotha G.V, Handley Page Type O, and various giant airplanes such as the Riesenflugzeuge and the Sikorsky Ilya Muromets. Navigation was difficult and precision was almost nonexistent, but the psychological effect was strong. Night bombing made a good terror weapon.
Prior to the introduction of radar, aircraft flying at night were nearly impossible to locate accurately enough for attack. Acoustic location was used to obtain preliminary rough coordinates. Anti-aircraft artillery scanned the sky with searchlights, which could illuminate the aircraft by chance and attempt to track it for some time. Alternatively, night fighters were used for interception; they either cooperated with searchlights or tried to spot the bombers in the moonlight. The success rate of such defences were so low that it was widely believed that "The bomber will always get through". Even since World War I, the bomber had been seen as a terror weapon, and later as a primary strategic weapon of total war. As Baldwin later said, their primary purpose was to "kill the enemy's women and children more rapidly than they killed yours".〔Keith Middlemas and Anthony John Lane Barnes, ''Baldwin: A Biography'', Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1969, p. 722.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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